Update 34. My letter to the Virginia General Assembly has been received favorably and a timeline has been requested of me as well as the name of the chief justice of the Va. Supreme Court at the time the case was presented, Leroy Hassell. Below is the procedural history of the legal case I brought on behalf of myself as well as all applicants for the Virginia Bar:
DECEMBER 2008 FAIRFAX CIRCUIT COURT. Between the end of October and beginning of November I attempted to obtain my essays from the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners. I was told repeatedly that once the results are released they are final and there is no possibility of review. At the end of November I filed an emergency motion in Fairfax Circuit Court seeking a mandamus, a judicial command order, under the Administrative Process Act, to compel the release of the essays. Senior Judge Leslie Alden heard the arguments for a half hour. An assistant attorney general, who came up from Richmond, did not at that time dispute that there was a software failure. When asked by the judge, "what remedy is available to aggrieved bar examinees," she stated: "that is an interesting question." The judge then took the case under advisement and requested I file a supplemental brief on the applicability of the Administrative Process Act (see enclosed). It was discovered that the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners is among a list of exempted entities from the general application of the APA (by the Code of Virginia, as one of three agencies of the Virginia Supreme Court). Unlike practically all other state agencies, therefore, the Fairfax Circuit Court had no jurisdiction.
Note that in her decision (enclosed), Judge Alden found that while there is no explicit statutory authority to review the decisions of the Board, the Virginia Supreme Court retains such inherent authority and that I should therefore invoke the original jurisdiction of the Virginia Supreme Court in this case. Note also that the judge, in footnote 2, states: "the Court does not reach the issue of whether the Board has abused its discretion by adopting a policy that it can never release bar exam answers to applicants."
In the opinion the court suggests: "To the extent the Petitioner seeks a mandamus ordering the Board to release his bar exam answers, the Petitioner should invoke the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Va. Const. art. VI, Section 1."
MAY 2009 VIRGINIA SUPREME COURT (Chief Justice Leroy Hassell). As instructed by the lower court, I brought the mandamus action to the Virginia Supreme Court under Va. Const. art. VI, Section 1. Along with the complaint, I included my sworn affidavit as to the details of the software failure that affected my test as well as observations I made about other applicants who experienced the same difficulties saving the test essays. I also disclosed how 24 applicants were found to have had essays mispositioned in the software system from the morning session as evidenced by an announcement made at the test site. In addition, in the complaint I referenced the case of an applicant in New York who experienced the same software symptoms that I did who was able to prove misgrading of his test essays only once he was able to obtain his essays.
The court simply dismissed the petition altogether. What little the court did say was mandamus does not lie to compel a discretionary act (which it does, in the case of abuse of discretion, which was clearly a part of the claim). In a petition for rehearing, I claimed that there was no other forum to hear the case and by not hearing the case (or such cases) the court is propounding a due process violation of the Federal Constitution. Still, the court denied rehearing, again without explanation.
AUGUST 2010 U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA. Judge Robert Payne. Because the Virginia Supreme Court declined to exercise its own inherent authority over the bar exam, I was essentially left without redress in the Commonwealth of Virginia. I then brought the case to federal district court as a violation of due process on the part of the Virginia Supreme Court and its Board of Bar Examiners. The case precedent for jurisdiction here is Rogers v. Supreme Court of Virginia, 772 F. 2d 900 (4th Cir. 1985) ("we think that, when that court (Virginia Supreme Court) reviews or declines to review a decision of the bar examiners as to an individual examinee's status, the court is acting as an administrative agency, rather than as a court of appeals. Therefore, we find it appropriate to determine whether or not Rogers' allegations concerning the review procedures of the court and the board make out a viable claim."). See also Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744, 750 (4th Cir. 1976) ("It is beyond question that the bar examiners are subject to the requirements of due process and equal protection in the conduct of their duties") and Whitfield v. Illinois Board of Bar Exmnrs., 504 F.2d 474, 478 (1977) ("the due process clause requires the State to employ fair procedures in processing applications for the admission to the bar and, therefore, that an applicant who has failed the bar exam is entitled to some procedural protections").
I obtained a leading computer forensic expert who submitted a brief to the court where he was able to already form certain conclusions which corroborated that my concerns were indeed justified and that the descriptions of what occurred in New York's software failure matched what is being observed in Virginia. See attached expert report of Stephen Castell PhD. The expert also concluded that the National Conference of Bar Examiners has already developed an "obvious and sensible remedy" to use for situations that come up with the computer based test (see last sentence of Stephen Castell's report). It also characterizes my case, in Paragraph 31 of the expert report, as a "textbook case" and that the Board's unwritten policy of nondisclosure "is an unusual way to design a system and immediately gives rise to concerns over validity and completeness checking."
In the complaint, Paragraph 17, I allege that the unwritten policy of nondisclosure of test essays has the effect of rendering the right of every bar exam applicant to petition the Supreme Court of Virginia defective and illusory. That is because of the basic requirement that one "plead with particularity" so as to make out a cognizable claim. Without such particularity, cases are dismissed by the Virginia Supreme Court (and all courts) on a routine basis. See Application of Peterson, 459 P.2d 703 (Alaska 1969), where the Alaska Supreme Court called the board of bar examiners' position a "logical hiatus" in that it required a bar examinee to demonstrate error without affording him a device in which to locate that error. The essays are known as "sine qua non" evidence in this instance- evidence without which there exists no case.
In my prayer for relief, I ask for no monetary compensation whatsoever. I merely ask that the unwritten policy of nondisclosure be struck down as unconstitutional and that my essays be released to me at once.
Defendant's Answer. The Board's Answer to the Complaint (enclosed) admits to the unwritten policy of nondisclosure. See Paragraph 13. It furthermore confirms that it has been applied in this case and has been applied uniformly to all applicants. In chambers, the assistant attorney general was corrected by Judge Payne when she misstated that it has always been this way, because he said it was not when he took the exam.
Court's Decision (see enclosed). Without addressing the merits, the court dismissed the case on the premise that I was challenging the Board of Bar Examiners' unwritten policy with respect to my own exam as opposed to all applicants. In fact, I was doing both. As the prayer for relief states first and foremost: "That this Court take the necessary steps to protect the rights of all future applicants to the Virginia Bar by declaring Policy of Nondisclosure and Policy of Finality unconstitutional."
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (see enclosed). The decision of the lower court is sustained without giving any reasons. I have enclosed my brief. The attorney general's office did not bother to respond, other than with a paragraph or so.
JUNE 2011 U.S. DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA. Judge Henry Hudson. Since the previous case was dismissed for challenging the policy of nondisclosure with respect to my own exam, this time I brought forth a new action simply challenging the policy on its face as unconstitutional and seeking no relief for myself whatsoever. See the enclosed complaint. By this point, I had waived in my multiple choice score from Virginia (not the essay portion) into D.C. and took only the essay test in D.C. D.C. runs a fully transparent system, and with a 60% failure rate, I still was able to pass on my first attempt. Virginia is a mere 15% fail rate for first time takers.
Board Threatens Sanctions. When this second case was filed, which becomes a part of the record, the attorney general's office claimed that I was bringing "vexatious lawsuits" and sought sanctions against my D.C. license. Previously, this threat was made as an attempt to get me to withdraw the case. And my response letter (see response to the sanctions motion, attached) was sent to the assistant attorney general as well as personal and confidential to Attorney General Ken Cuccinelli, explaining my reasons why this case had to go forward. Even though this assertion as to "vexatiousness" was completely without basis, this issue was litigated and the court found in my favor and denied the motion. Therefore, the case was able to proceed.
Court's Decision. The court issued a 9-page opinion. At the heart of its rationale, found on the bottom of p. 7, is the idea that federal courts will not review due process or equal protection cases unless they involve cases of discrimination. In other words, racial discrimination cases are the only ones they will review. Other cases cited to in my brief that show federal review is not and cannot be just limited to discriminatory cases were simply ignored and not addressed in the opinion.
Ironically, as opposed to the prior district court decision which concluded it had no jurisdiction because I was applying the facts too much to my own case, this district court concluded no jurisdiction on exactly the opposite ground: "In crafting his complaint, Plaintiff seeks relief on behalf of all future bar applicants and appears to distance himself from the group of individuals directly affected by the statute." (p. 6 of the opinion). Ignoring my primary contention that a policy withholding essays in a disputed essay exam prevents a case from going forward to the Virginia Supreme Court, the court lackadaisically states that applicants can petition the Virginia Supreme Court or take the bar exam again. Without transparency, and given my personal experience with the Board, it should be quite obvious why I would never take the Virginia bar exam again without an appropriate change in policy. This forced me to go elsewhere to gain admission to the Bar.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (enclosed). Sustained the lower court's decision, without explanation.
PETITION FOR CERTIORARI BEFORE THE U.S. SUPREME COURT (enclosed booklet). Denied October 1, 2012. The Supreme Court is careful to note that a denial of cert is by no means an expression on the merits of the case. All legal remedies at the state and federal level have therefore been exhausted. Despite the evidence and witness testimony available, the case never was heard on its merits.
Wednesday, November 26, 2014
Wednesday, September 10, 2014
VIRGINIA BAR EXAM: LACK OF TRANSPARENCY
Update 33. The courts, having punted this issue over to the General Assembly, have demonstrated the flaw in the procedural protections afforded to applicants to the Virginia Bar. With the enclosed letter (see below) I have notified a select group of state delegates and senators who may be willing to sponsor legislation that will bring Virginia up to speed with the other states in terms of transparency. The Board of Bar Examiners is on record in federal court as admitting to having an unwritten rule, unbeknownst to the candidates, that prevents any applicant from obtaining their essay answers, a rule they admit was applied in this case. I am informed by a witness to the latest exam in 2014 that the Board's software failures persist and continue to affect significant numbers of applicants at every succeeding exam. This is what happens when people, including judges, look the other way.
I have since taken the D.C. and Maryland bar exams and passed on the first attempt. Both systems operate transparently. I have decided not to take the Virginia Bar Exam again because I have lost confidence in the integrity of the system.
Dear Delegate/Senator:
I am writing to you about a proposal that I have enclosed which would remedy a fault that exists in the current procedures of the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners. Let me first say that the Board is an administrative agency with both judicial and delegated legislative powers. And while there is support at the local level in northern Virginia for this proposal, this will require your office's support to succeed because the Board of Bar Examiners has refused to cooperate in making this adjustment towards transparency. I am an attorney and a magistrate in Fairfax and, based on what I have observed and experienced, there is no doubt that this proposal is what is necessary to protect the applicants and correct an ongoing problem with the new computer based bar exam. I attempted to litigate this issue, but the Virginia state courts and federal courts have decided that it is essentially a political question for the General Assembly and decided not to hear the merits of the case.
SOFTWARE FAILURES AT THE VIRGINIA BAR EXAM
Virginia's bar exam is now being administered on computer software provided to the applicants by the Board of Bar Examiners. The Board contracts with an out-of-state software company to provide this software so they can administer their test for over a thousand applicants every year. When I took the Virginia Bar Exam, I was one of a significant number of applicants who experienced a software system failure that occurred at the moment when the essay answers are to be saved and submitted. Members of the Board's technical team attempted to work on the problem but ultimately said the system had to be rebooted (abruptly turned off and then turned back on). One of the female applicants was in tears when this happened to her. An announcement was made that over the lunch break they had already discovered that 24 applicants had answers misplaced in the system from the morning session. This was exactly what happened in New York the year before: see attached, New York Law Journal "Software Snafus Upset Test Takers," July 26, 2007. I was then forced, without being able to see and verify that the answers were intact, to transfer the potentially corrupted data onto a USB thumb drive and hand it in to the graders. Upon receiving my essay score months later, I noticed a significant scoring discrepancy between the reported score and how I had performed on that day. No other information was disclosed. Of course, I immediately requested to obtain my essays. In response to my request, however, I was told there existed no corrective process and they had an unwritten rule, applied uniformly, that no applicant can obtain their essays for any reason. Even under these circumstances, where I explained that I had a job lined up at the prosecutor's office and produced a sworn affidavit saying exactly what had occurred at the test site, the secretary of the board refused to cooperate. Moreover, I was able to obtain a 20-page expert report from a leading computer forensics expert who concluded that the fault lay not with my computer but with the board's software system. As a result, I was given no redress and consequently lost a career position at the Arlington Commonwealth Attorney's Office.
SHAM REMEDY
The only remedy offered to me was a sham remedy wherein the board agreed to examine only what was on the USB thumb drive and do a comparison with what was printed off from the USB drive for the graders to grade (recall that the data was transferred from the software to the USB drive only after the software system failure . . . at no time was I permitted to confirm if the answers were still intact). The computer expert, and three other experts I interviewed, have been unequivocal in their conclusions that this is no remedy at all and does not address the underlying issue, namely whether the data that was saved on the USB drive in the first place was corrupted. Therefore, a comparison exercise like this accomplishes nothing because a copy of already corrupted data will necessarily be a match; nevertheless, it is still corrupted data. This is misleading. Therefore, there is no proper way to go about this other than to allow the applicant to obtain his/her essays and determine if what was graded includes everything that was written. That is what the National Conference of Bar Examiners recommends for the computer-based test, and that is how it was handled in New York. All of this was explained to a federal judge but, as I mentioned, the judge avoided the question, ruling this was essentially a political question for Virginia's legislature.
SAME PROBLEMS CONTINUE TO THE PRESENT DAY
This occurred in 2008, and I have a witness who confirms that he observed that the board's software failures continue to affect the applicants up to the most recent examination in 2014. Furthermore, this is a problem that is happening nationwide since the advent of the computer based test in 2005. For example, in New York's 2007 computer-based examination, it is well documented that as many as 47 applicants had essays that were either missing or cut short by the software after experiencing the same symptoms that I and others experienced in Virginia. See enclosed Press Release, New York Board of Law Examiners (Nov. 15, 2007) (available on archive at http://web.archive.org/web/20071123015445/www.nybarexam.org/press.htm) (specifically paragraph 5 which reads "one or more of the essay answers for 47 candidates could not be recovered"). These applicants were allowed to obtain their essays; and once they did, it forced a corrective process that was not previously in existence. In the case of Eric Zeni, this made the difference between passing and failing. See enclosed Eric Zeni's account in the New York Personal Injury Law Blog. Had Eric Zeni been in Virginia when this happened, there would have been absolutely no recourse. This cannot stand, and it violates the due process rights of the applicants who expend an enormous amount of time and resources into this test and have secured positions contingent on their passing.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY
Allow me to provide you some background on the legislative history of this issue. In 1919 the General Assembly enacted Va. Code Section 54.1-3929 which requires the Board of Bar Examiners to preserve an individual's examination papers for a period no less than one year following an examination. This provision was relied upon by applicants and their attorneys whenever a dispute would arise. This important protection to the rights of the applicant and the integrity of the system as a whole has been effectively nullified sometime in the early 1970's when the Board put into effect an unwritten policy, unbeknownst to the candidates, that prevents applicants from being able to obtain or review their essays. This policy is being applied uniformly without exception, a fact I have the Board as having admitted to on the record in federal court. Prior to that, applicants could obtain their essays. This is a fact that I know because U.S. District Court Judge Robert Payne in Richmond replied that he could have gotten his answers when the Board attempted to say it has always been this way. Since 2005 the Board has been administering a computer-based bar exam for the essays, a condition that demands a change in policy at this time.
NATIONAL MOVEMENT TOWARDS TRANSPARENCY
In light of the national transition to computer-based testing, 44 of the states now afford their applicants an opportunity to review or obtain their essays, for any reason. See enclosed chart, "Transparency Policies of State Law Examination Offices." I hope that you will see that it is time for Virginia to acknowledge the new realities of computer-based testing and the need for transparency in the system.
The vast majority of the other state boards of bar examiners have rules that protect their applicants. In Virginia, the General Assembly sets laws from which the Board must derive its rules. Va. Code Section 54.1-3929 mentioned above is an example of one such law. The only way for this problem to be solved is for the General Assembly to act, because the Board is insistent on resisting this change.
ABOUT ME
To provide you with a brief background on myself, I went to William & Mary Law School (Class of 2008) as well as the College of William & Mary after transferring from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. I have since taken the bar exam in the District of Columbia and Maryland, having passed both on the first attempt and have been admitted to practice in the federal courts and pending admission in the U.S. Supreme Court. However, I have not taken the Virginia Bar Exam again because, with an unwritten policy like this one in place, I have lost confidence in the integrity of the system. For more background on my story, I have published an article along with the expert I consulted in the Computer Law & Security Review (2013) (attached).
PROPOSAL
Please see my attached proposal, which includes language taken from other states which Virginia can look to for guidance to solve this problem. The Virginia Board of Bar Examiners is a state administrative agency with both judicial and delegated legislative powers.
This nonpartisan issue affects not just candidates for the Virginia Bar but by extension it affects the people of Virginia, causing well qualified lawyers trained in Virginia to leave the Commonwealth and seek admission elsewhere. Most legislation relating to the Virginia Bar Exam will be sought by the Board, but this one is for protecting the applicants from the Board's iniquitous unwritten policy of nondisclosure of test essays. I will certainly make myself available to provide a statement or sworn testimony before any committees as necessary. Furthermore, the expert report and his contact information is available upon request.
Thank you for your time, and I look forward to working with you on this important matter affecting the Commonwealth.
Regards,
Jonathan Bolls
I have since taken the D.C. and Maryland bar exams and passed on the first attempt. Both systems operate transparently. I have decided not to take the Virginia Bar Exam again because I have lost confidence in the integrity of the system.
Dear Delegate/Senator:
I am writing to you about a proposal that I have enclosed which would remedy a fault that exists in the current procedures of the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners. Let me first say that the Board is an administrative agency with both judicial and delegated legislative powers. And while there is support at the local level in northern Virginia for this proposal, this will require your office's support to succeed because the Board of Bar Examiners has refused to cooperate in making this adjustment towards transparency. I am an attorney and a magistrate in Fairfax and, based on what I have observed and experienced, there is no doubt that this proposal is what is necessary to protect the applicants and correct an ongoing problem with the new computer based bar exam. I attempted to litigate this issue, but the Virginia state courts and federal courts have decided that it is essentially a political question for the General Assembly and decided not to hear the merits of the case.
SOFTWARE FAILURES AT THE VIRGINIA BAR EXAM
Virginia's bar exam is now being administered on computer software provided to the applicants by the Board of Bar Examiners. The Board contracts with an out-of-state software company to provide this software so they can administer their test for over a thousand applicants every year. When I took the Virginia Bar Exam, I was one of a significant number of applicants who experienced a software system failure that occurred at the moment when the essay answers are to be saved and submitted. Members of the Board's technical team attempted to work on the problem but ultimately said the system had to be rebooted (abruptly turned off and then turned back on). One of the female applicants was in tears when this happened to her. An announcement was made that over the lunch break they had already discovered that 24 applicants had answers misplaced in the system from the morning session. This was exactly what happened in New York the year before: see attached, New York Law Journal "Software Snafus Upset Test Takers," July 26, 2007. I was then forced, without being able to see and verify that the answers were intact, to transfer the potentially corrupted data onto a USB thumb drive and hand it in to the graders. Upon receiving my essay score months later, I noticed a significant scoring discrepancy between the reported score and how I had performed on that day. No other information was disclosed. Of course, I immediately requested to obtain my essays. In response to my request, however, I was told there existed no corrective process and they had an unwritten rule, applied uniformly, that no applicant can obtain their essays for any reason. Even under these circumstances, where I explained that I had a job lined up at the prosecutor's office and produced a sworn affidavit saying exactly what had occurred at the test site, the secretary of the board refused to cooperate. Moreover, I was able to obtain a 20-page expert report from a leading computer forensics expert who concluded that the fault lay not with my computer but with the board's software system. As a result, I was given no redress and consequently lost a career position at the Arlington Commonwealth Attorney's Office.
SHAM REMEDY
The only remedy offered to me was a sham remedy wherein the board agreed to examine only what was on the USB thumb drive and do a comparison with what was printed off from the USB drive for the graders to grade (recall that the data was transferred from the software to the USB drive only after the software system failure . . . at no time was I permitted to confirm if the answers were still intact). The computer expert, and three other experts I interviewed, have been unequivocal in their conclusions that this is no remedy at all and does not address the underlying issue, namely whether the data that was saved on the USB drive in the first place was corrupted. Therefore, a comparison exercise like this accomplishes nothing because a copy of already corrupted data will necessarily be a match; nevertheless, it is still corrupted data. This is misleading. Therefore, there is no proper way to go about this other than to allow the applicant to obtain his/her essays and determine if what was graded includes everything that was written. That is what the National Conference of Bar Examiners recommends for the computer-based test, and that is how it was handled in New York. All of this was explained to a federal judge but, as I mentioned, the judge avoided the question, ruling this was essentially a political question for Virginia's legislature.
SAME PROBLEMS CONTINUE TO THE PRESENT DAY
This occurred in 2008, and I have a witness who confirms that he observed that the board's software failures continue to affect the applicants up to the most recent examination in 2014. Furthermore, this is a problem that is happening nationwide since the advent of the computer based test in 2005. For example, in New York's 2007 computer-based examination, it is well documented that as many as 47 applicants had essays that were either missing or cut short by the software after experiencing the same symptoms that I and others experienced in Virginia. See enclosed Press Release, New York Board of Law Examiners (Nov. 15, 2007) (available on archive at http://web.archive.org/web/20071123015445/www.nybarexam.org/press.htm) (specifically paragraph 5 which reads "one or more of the essay answers for 47 candidates could not be recovered"). These applicants were allowed to obtain their essays; and once they did, it forced a corrective process that was not previously in existence. In the case of Eric Zeni, this made the difference between passing and failing. See enclosed Eric Zeni's account in the New York Personal Injury Law Blog. Had Eric Zeni been in Virginia when this happened, there would have been absolutely no recourse. This cannot stand, and it violates the due process rights of the applicants who expend an enormous amount of time and resources into this test and have secured positions contingent on their passing.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY
Allow me to provide you some background on the legislative history of this issue. In 1919 the General Assembly enacted Va. Code Section 54.1-3929 which requires the Board of Bar Examiners to preserve an individual's examination papers for a period no less than one year following an examination. This provision was relied upon by applicants and their attorneys whenever a dispute would arise. This important protection to the rights of the applicant and the integrity of the system as a whole has been effectively nullified sometime in the early 1970's when the Board put into effect an unwritten policy, unbeknownst to the candidates, that prevents applicants from being able to obtain or review their essays. This policy is being applied uniformly without exception, a fact I have the Board as having admitted to on the record in federal court. Prior to that, applicants could obtain their essays. This is a fact that I know because U.S. District Court Judge Robert Payne in Richmond replied that he could have gotten his answers when the Board attempted to say it has always been this way. Since 2005 the Board has been administering a computer-based bar exam for the essays, a condition that demands a change in policy at this time.
NATIONAL MOVEMENT TOWARDS TRANSPARENCY
In light of the national transition to computer-based testing, 44 of the states now afford their applicants an opportunity to review or obtain their essays, for any reason. See enclosed chart, "Transparency Policies of State Law Examination Offices." I hope that you will see that it is time for Virginia to acknowledge the new realities of computer-based testing and the need for transparency in the system.
The vast majority of the other state boards of bar examiners have rules that protect their applicants. In Virginia, the General Assembly sets laws from which the Board must derive its rules. Va. Code Section 54.1-3929 mentioned above is an example of one such law. The only way for this problem to be solved is for the General Assembly to act, because the Board is insistent on resisting this change.
ABOUT ME
To provide you with a brief background on myself, I went to William & Mary Law School (Class of 2008) as well as the College of William & Mary after transferring from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. I have since taken the bar exam in the District of Columbia and Maryland, having passed both on the first attempt and have been admitted to practice in the federal courts and pending admission in the U.S. Supreme Court. However, I have not taken the Virginia Bar Exam again because, with an unwritten policy like this one in place, I have lost confidence in the integrity of the system. For more background on my story, I have published an article along with the expert I consulted in the Computer Law & Security Review (2013) (attached).
PROPOSAL
Please see my attached proposal, which includes language taken from other states which Virginia can look to for guidance to solve this problem. The Virginia Board of Bar Examiners is a state administrative agency with both judicial and delegated legislative powers.
This nonpartisan issue affects not just candidates for the Virginia Bar but by extension it affects the people of Virginia, causing well qualified lawyers trained in Virginia to leave the Commonwealth and seek admission elsewhere. Most legislation relating to the Virginia Bar Exam will be sought by the Board, but this one is for protecting the applicants from the Board's iniquitous unwritten policy of nondisclosure of test essays. I will certainly make myself available to provide a statement or sworn testimony before any committees as necessary. Furthermore, the expert report and his contact information is available upon request.
Thank you for your time, and I look forward to working with you on this important matter affecting the Commonwealth.
Regards,
Jonathan Bolls
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